Surface–air coupling zones (Atmosphere 2026)
Baseline (citywide heat)
Where atmospheric heat matches land surface temperature-predicted values vs decoupled residuals. Use this when comparing how hot Zagreb feels across the city on a typical summer day or night.
This is surface temperature from satellite, not the air temperature measured by weather stations or felt by pedestrians.
What it shows
regression air temperature~land surface temperature residuals: coupled (|z|≤0.5 SD), air temperature above expected (warm air vs surface), air temperature below expected (ventilation/cool drainage).
Data sources
neighbourhood-level land surface temperature and overpass-aligned air temperature; ordinary least squares + 0.5 SD residual threshold (Atmosphere 2026 §3.5.2).
How it was prepared
Map adaptation of the cited study — same neighbourhood unit (218 neighbourhoods) and core methods, not a full replication. vegetation greenness/built-up intensity land-cover analysis (paper RQ3) is not shown on this map. Same regression residual rule as the paper; inherits land surface temperature/air temperature input differences above. Paper's spatial-lag model (spatial model) robustness check is not run on this map.
Interpretation limits
Surface temperature from satellites is not the same as the air temperature people feel at street level. Where this map adapts a published study, it follows the same planning units and core idea but is not a full paper replication.
Citation
Bečić, D.; Gašparović, M. (2026). Spatial Decoupling of Surface and Atmospheric Urban Heat: Differential Land Cover Associations in Zagreb. Atmosphere, 17, 466. DOI: 10.3390/atmos17050466